The Visionary Constitution and America

The Visionary Constitution and America Free Online Research Papers From various perspectives our Constitution is entirely astounding. It is visionary, and dependent on the real world and bargain. This visionary archive set up rules for government in the eighteenth century and rules for transforming it for government later on. A great deal of the Articles and Amendments in the Constitution manage the truth of life in America today. The Constitution depends on bargain that secures the privileges of the states and the individuals. It was useful for the nation when there were just 13 states and it is useful for the nation since we have 50 states. Also, it can change as our nation changes. The Constitution is a visionary report since it has a procedure to change itself for what's to come. Article 5 says the Constitution can be altered through a two stage process. For an Amendment to turn out to be a piece of the Constitution, two things need to occur: Congress or a State Convention needs to propose and favor an alteration and three-fourths of the states need to endorse the correction. The two stage process makes it conceivable to change the Constitution and ensures that the change is something most of the nation needs. The essayists of the Constitution ensured that the Constitution would have the option to change as our nation changed so it would last as our country developed. The Constitution is a record that influences the truth of life. Article 4 requires the US to shield the states from brutality and intrusion. There have been times when the National Guard has been sent to ensure residents in the states. The New York National Guard was requested to react to the Rochester race revolt in July of 1964. The California Army National Guard was activated during the Watts Riots, in August 1965, to give security and help reestablish request. The Ohio Army National Guard was requested to Kent State University to settle down enemy of Vietnam War fights. The National Guard was sent to Little Rock, Arkansas in the 1950’s and the University of Mississippi in the 1960’s to ensure people attempting to coordinate the schools there. The National Guard has been utilized to shield residents from viciousness and to keep savagery from occurring. The second Amendment ensures our entitlement to endure and possess weapons in our homes. The Supreme Court maintaine d that directly in the 2010 instance of McDonald versus Chicago and the Castle Law that give us the option to utilize a firearm to ensure ourselves and our property likewise depends on the second Amendment. In 1789 when the pioneers met to talk about and make the Constitution, two plans were offered for how the administrative branch ought to be made up. James Madison introduced the Virginia plan which expressed that Congress would be made of two chambers and the portrayal in each chamber would be founded on the number of inhabitants in the states. William Paterson thought of the New Jersey Plan which expressed Congress would be made of one chamber and the portrayal would be equivalent for each state. The Great Compromise set up Congress with two chambers like the Virginia Plan proposed, with the House portrayal dependent on populace and equivalent portrayal in the Senate like the New Jersey Plan proposed. A ton of the states felt that they would need to surrender their privileges to a solid government set up by the Constitution. The privileges of the states and the individuals were secured in Article 10 which expressed that any force not conceded to the government has a place with the s tates or to the individuals. States like California and Florida have had the option to pass laws that Congress has not passed, for example, Jessica’s Law which expanded the discipline for sex guilty parties. Suggestion 8, the November 2008 California law that bans same sex relationships and the Arizona movement law are two additional instances of states passing individual laws for their states. The states’ option to do so is secured under Article 10. Indeed, even before the Constitution was finished it depended on bargain. The Constitution is visionary in light of the fact that despite the fact that it was composed during the eighteenth century, it was composed so it could be useful for what's to come. Through the harsh occasions the Constitution makes an extraordinary government dependent on bargain. The Constitution manages the truth of our regular day to day existences since it contacts the lives of each American here and there: requiring the Government to shield us from viciousness, giving us the option to claim firearms in our homes for insurance, giving states rights that the national government doesn't have. The Constitution is astounding in light of the fact that it will never be outdated. Our Constitution changes as our country changes. Exploration Papers on The Visionary Constitution and AmericaPETSTEL investigation of India19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationAssess the significance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XQuebec and CanadaNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenCapital Punishment

Comparison of poems. Essay -- English Literature

Examination of sonnets. In this acquaintance I am expecting with thoroughly analyze two sonnets. The sonnets I am differentiating are called ‘London’ and ‘Composed Upon Westminster’. These two sonnets are written in the nineteenth century. The essayists had similar thoughts regarding the two sonnets. The sonnets are both about London. The journalists both give an alternate perspective on London. The London sonnet is composed by William Blake in 1757-1827. The Westminster sonnet composed by William Wordsworth in 1770 †1850 Blake’s portrayal of London is disheartening. The title London is short what's more, comes to the heart of the matter. The main section is a depiction of the city, avenues, streams and the individuals in the city. The principal line makes a feeling like London is being claimed. It is depicted like for hell's sake. The statement is â€Å"I wonder thro each babbled roads, close were the contracted Thames flows. Blake has a vile perspective on London. He depicts it like a jail. The subsequent two lines backwards 1 is about the individuals. The statement is ‘and stamps in each face I meet, signs of shortcoming signs of woe.’ These two lines mean when Blake sees individuals on the roads of London they have blemishes on their appearances. The last statement implies that the individuals are powerless, have melancholy and distress. The symbolism Blake makes in the main stanza is of the vacant lanes and the streaming Thames. The subsequent refrain is about the individuals. â€Å"In each cry of each man† â€Å"in each baby cry of fear† the symbolism the subsequent refrain proposes torment. â€Å"Infants cry† of mental torment â€Å"mind manufactured manacles†. There is a great deal of redundancy. In the second section Blake accentuates on the word ‘every’ to truly put the torment over. The third refrain is about the organizations and culture. Blake says ‘the fireplace sweepers cry’. ... ...s like paradise. Wordsworth is in a fantasy. He is depicting London as sentimental. The similitudes both of these sonnets are that Blake says signs of shortcoming characteristics of hardship. Wordsworth says strong heart. Blake says darkening church, hapless trooper, castle dividers. Wordsworth says ships, towers, arches, theaters, sanctuaries. Blake says stack sweepers what's more, darkening church. Wordsworth says smokeless air. Blake says sanctioned Thames does stream and Wordsworth says the waterway glideth at his own sweet will. Blake says 12 PM boulevards and Wordsworth says valleys rocks or slopes. Blake says 12 PM and Wordsworth says brilliant and glittery. He additionally says morning. Blake says cry in each man and Wordsworth says quiet so profound. The sonnet that gives me a superior portrayal of London is Blake’s point of view. He has a straightforward structure and his depiction is very elucidating.

The Skating Party

The short story â€Å"The Skating Party† by Merna Summers is about an affection triangle passing on the subject that it is basic for people to settle on levelheaded choices since they should persevere through the ramifications for the remainder of their lives. Having been brought on a ranch up in Willow Bunch, Nathan Singleton sought to turn into a rancher with a dedicated spouse. In spite of his objective, he left his home and migrated to the city to turn into an educator. At that point, he at last came back to Willow Bunch to concentrate on his cultivating vocation. â€Å"In a few different ways it appeared as though he had never truly left Willow Bunch†¦I thought that it was difficult to envision him as I was already aware he should be in his study hall: wearing a suit, chalk dust on his sleeve, putting seat take a shot at the writing board. He didn't talk like an instructor. † (Summers 187-188) The centrality of character disclosure in this statement features N athan's character qualities that are suggestive of a cliché rancher. This legitimizes why Maida thought that it was hard to picture Nathan having character attributes relating to a cliché instructor. With further derivation, it tends to be inferred that his particular characteristics didn't adequately supplement his educating career.This incongruence affected him to come back to Willow Bunch, where his youth goal nearly happened as expected when he got drew in with Eunice Lathem. In spite of the fact that sadly, he retreated to educating in the city by and by after her end. Nathan's hesitant attitude with respect to his vocation is represented by etching a tattoo on your body. The outcome was the nonattendance of word related solidness in his life, an update which is represented by the way that a tattoo is forever carved onto your skin.Secondly, the topic of â€Å"The Skating Party† is strengthened through Delia's choice to skate with Nathan at the skating party. Because of the extensive term of time they spent together, Eunice became rankled in light of the fact that she recognized closeness. Delia then consented to skate with Eunice so as to quiet her down. In the end, the two of them fell through the ice; Eunice's demise was the cost for Delia's endurance. â€Å"Eunice Lathem's sister, whose name was Delia Sykes, moved away from Willow Bunch directly after the mishap. † (Summers 191) This statement speaks to Delia's character development.From an outgoing, ostentatious character, she limited herself in a shell because of the torment brought about by the result of her choice and its job in Eunice's demise. This arranges her as a unique character. She at that point left Willow Bunch, accepting that secluding herself from her loved ones would be the best way to offer reparations for her mix-up. Delia settled on a nonsensical choice to skate with Nathan which is represented by deciding to have a tattoo drawn onto your skin. Her choice by implicat ion brought about Eunice's passing, a damaging experience she suffered for an amazing remainder that is represented by the adherence of a tattoo.It will consistently be with her; one look at it will help her to remember the skating party. Ultimately, the topic of â€Å"The Skating Party† is highlighted through Nathan's choice to spare Delia rather than Eunice. â€Å"The one sets of arms had white hide around them. Furthermore, I went after the other pair† (Summers 199) This statement uncovered Nathan's actual want and who he esteemed the most in his life. It additionally suggests the internal clash he encounters, for example, pondering the validity of his choice and assessing potential results on the off chance that he acted differently.Such contemplations keep him from accomplishing serenity. Like a tattoo, the regret Nathan's troubled with will remain for an amazing rest because of deciding to spare Delia and permitting Eunice to die. Nathan's powerlessness to pick a vocation, Delia's choice to skate with Nathan, and Nathan's choice to spare Delia rather than Eunice stresses the topic of â€Å"The Skating Party†: it is important to settle on choices reasonably so as to keep away from laments and carry on with a wonderful life.

Interpreting Anova How Sadness And Types Of Musics Relate - 1375 Words

Interpreting Anova: How Sadness And Types Of Musics Relate (Lab Report Sample) Content: Interpreting AnovaStudent NameInstitutional AffiliationInstructorDateInterpreting AnovaIntroductionThe purpose of the study is to promote better understanding of how sadness is related to various types of music that individuals listen to through the investigation of felt emotions and perceived emotions. Essentially, the study tends to investigate effects of various types of music on the emotional responses of individuals. The study is focusing on how sad music affects our emotional responses and reasons as to why individuals conceptually choose to listen to sad music. The fundamental aspects of the study stipulate that sad music is conveyed as a soothing fact intended to be listened to only when we are sad, yet it may also evoke positive emotions. The study involved 44 participants who attributed their emotional experiences upon listen to sad music. Ideally, the purpose fulfilled by the study is set to convey the fact that sad music tends to sooth the emotional aches of individuals rather than causing them more pain. The authors state that individuals often wish to avoid negative emotional experiences in their lives. How we often perceive our emotions may be different from how we feel them. Attributes draw from the study reveal that often we listen to sad music to feel positive although we perceive sad music as an implication to negative attributes. The authors hypothesized that felt emotions may not necessarily be corresponding to perceived emotions, especially in responding to music in minor keys. They also hypothesized that when individuals tend to be listening to minor-key music, those with a lot of musical experiences feel more pleasant emotions than what is indicated in their perceptions to the same sad music.MethodsParticipantsThe study involved 44 participants (19 males and 25 females) in the mean age of 25.3 years, SD=6.6. Among the participants, 17 of them were professional musicians or level college students who majored in music (the musician group; n=17). The other group was composed of working participants or college students not majoring in music (the non-music group; n= 27). Participants conceptually signed an informed consent agreement which indicated their agreement of participating in the experiment.MaterialsThe materials used comprised of three types of musical excerpts. The pieces of musical stimuli used included: (1) Glinkas La Separation (F minor), (2) Blumenfelds Etude Sur Mer (G minor), and (3) Granadoss Allegro de Concerto (C sharp major, excerpt in G major). Granadoss Allegro de Concerto, normally in the key of g major, was transposed into G minor to investigate whether the perceived emotions evoked by sad (minor-key) music was different from felt emotions evoked by the same music. Glinkas La Separation was transposed into F major and Blumenfelds Etude Sur Mer into G major. The tempos at which the excerpts were played at included: quarter note= 80 in Glinkas La Separation, half note = 72 in Blumen felds Etude Sur Mer, and quarter mote= 70 in Granadoss Allegro de Concerto. Music familiar to participants was avoided. 62 emotion-related descriptive words were also used in measuring perceived and felt emotions.ProcedureIndividual participants took part in the experiment in a sound-insulated room where that entered and sat across a computer monitor. They each received instructions before signing the consent agreement. The individuals took part in listening to the major and minor key pieces rotationally. They engaged in four tasks. The initial task involved listening to major or minor key pieces then rating using the 62 emotion-related descriptive phrases. They then rated the emotions in the first task. The third task involved rating of the remaining emotion. They then rated the emotion in the third task after listening to a different key of the music from the third task. The participants listened to the different music and evaluated their perceived and felt emotions.The authors chose to use pieces of music unfamiliar to participants as known pieces of music would have aroused personal memories connected with that music on some of the participants, thus evoking emotions which may influence those memories. The pieces of music unfamiliar to participants resulted to felt emotions experienced by participants while listening to the excerpts rather than from personal memories.Statistical AnalysisA 2x2x2 ANOVA is a three-way interaction which implies that there is a two-way interaction varying across the levels of another third variable. It is described as a three-way Anova because it analyzes defects of independent variables on the expected outcomes along with the relationship to the outcomes themselves. A 2x2x2 ANOVA is the appropriate analysis to use for the study planned by the authors as it sorts out the 62 emotion-related words and phrases in an essential manner: 2 (perceived/ felt emotions) x (2(major/ minor key) x the 44 participants. ANOVA method divide s the authors analysis as musical emotion (perceived/ felt) x key (major vs. minor) x musical experience (musicians vs. non-musicians).ResultsA factor analysis was conducted on investigation of the 62 emotion-related descriptive words and phrases. The factor analysis channels the reactions demonstrated by participants to four basic categories simply: tragic emotion (gloomy, meditative, miserable), heightened emotion (overwhelmed, agitated, stimulated), romantic emotion (fascinated, dear, in love), and blithe emotion (merry, animated, feel like dancing).Factor 1 (Tragic emotion)The ANOVA revealed significant main effects (for key, musical emotion, and musical experience) for this factor. What it means in saying that these main effects were significant, with respect to tragic emotions is that the main effects were conveyed from the participants emotional connection to the tragic experiences relayed by the sad music they listened to. The ANOVA also revealed a significant two-way intera ction between key and musical emotion, and the authors ran post hoc tests to understand this interaction. The results of these post hoc tests indicated that the rate of perceived emotions and felt emotions in sad music differed significantly. This implies participants conceptually felt different emotions than what they perceived after listening to sad music. Perceived emotions for tragic emotion were stronger than felt emotions when participants listened to sad music as it connected with their experiences and made allowed them to perceive negative emotions although the sad music made them feel positive from listening to them.Factor 2 (heightened emotion)The ANOVA only revealed one significant main effect (for key) for this factor. This main effect tells us that heightened emotions, which includes overwhelming feelings, agitation, and stimulation was highly rated in sad music than in happy music. Essentially, this means that heightened emotions were con...

Essay on Romeo and Juliet- Whose Fault Was It - 1014 Words

Romeo and Juliet Summative Essay Who was to blame for the tragic deaths of Romeo and Juliet? Two star-crossed lovers with a forbidden love and so many obstacles to overcome, but in the end it wasnt enough. Was it the fault of the two families and their bitter feud, or perhaps the Friar and the Nurse, or was it all just destiny in the two young lovers fate... From forth the fatal loins of these two foes A pair of star-crossed lovers take their life, Whose misadventured piteous overthrows Doth with their death bury their parents strife. (Prologue, 8-11) Some people argue that it was the Nurse and Friar Laurences responsibility. They are after all the ones who encouraged the†¦show more content†¦When Capulet, Juliets father, orders her to marry Count Paris within the week, she cannot bare the thought of it and needs to find a way to be with Romeo once more. And so seeks help from Friar Laurence, which is when he comes up with this genius yet lethal plan. Take thou this vial, being then in bed, And this distilling liquor drink thou off; When presently through all thy veins shall run A cold and drowsy humour. For no pulse Shall keep his native progress, but surcease. (IV, 1, 74-78) Despite all of these actions which ultimately ended in chaos, I dont think that the Friar or the Nurse were to blame for the deaths of Romeo and Juliet. On some level their actions did partake in what eventuated in the tragedy, but they came with the best intentions, with high hopes that they would be able to save a young couples love and end a bitter feud. Friar Laurence did bring the families together, but it was with death rather than marriage. O brother Montague, give me thy hand. (V, 3, 232) Tybalt could also be held accountable for the deaths of Romeo and Juliet. Tybalts nasty, hot-headed persona caused a lot of strife as he always started brawls and quarrelled with the Montagues. When Tybalt gets in a fight with Mercutio, despite the Princes orders toShow MoreRelated Responsibility of Friar Lawrence in Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet671 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"From forth the fatal loins of these two foes, A pair of star- crossed lovers take their life, Whose misadventured piteous overthrows, Doth with their death bury their parents’ strife.† There are many reasons to the tragedy of William Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet. The tragedy, of Romeo and Juliet, involves a pair of ill- fated lovers who by their deaths will end the long and bitter feud that has been raging between their families for centuries. There are many incidents that occurred and manyRead MoreEssay on The Deaths of Romeo and Juliet1166 Words   |  5 PagesThe Deaths of Romeo and Juliet Romeo and Juliet From forth the fatal loins of these two foes A pair of star-crossd lovers take their life; I dont agree with the quotation above because I think the tragic deaths of both Romeo and Juliet are caused by human decision. It is an indirect result of the decisions and actions Romeo and Juliet is one of Shakespeares plays about tragedy. It is aboutRead MoreRomeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare Essay1267 Words   |  6 PagesRomeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare â€Å"Romeo and Juliet is a play about two lovers. This play is tragic; it ends in the deaths of both, Romeo and Juliet. The main reason for their deaths was that both sides of each other’s family disagreed and did not care for the lives of either Romeo or Juliet whatever relation they were to them. For a long time in the story Romeo and Juliet kept other peoples thoughts out of their relationship, but they could not keep their family’sRead MoreWho Should Be Held Responsible for the Death of Romeo and Juliet?1032 Words   |  4 Pageswe have read the renown tragic play of Romeo and Juliet, by William Shakespeare. As we all know, this tragedy ends by the untimely death of Juliet and her Romeo. But after putting down the book, a question comes to mind: who is truly at fault for the death of those two teenagers? Who is truly responsible for turning this story into a tragedy? Or is anyone even guilty at all? After some reflection, I have come to the conclusion that nobody is really at fault, but that everybody did a little somethingRead MoreThe Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare Essay934 Words   |  4 PagesThe Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare The reference to Romeo and Juliet as star crossed lovers hints that Romeo and Juliet were meant to die together because it was their destiny. Therefore this is what fate had planned for their lives, as it was crossed through the stars (written in the stars). It suggests Romeo and Juliet were just a small part if a bigger picture and their love and deaths spiralled on chain reaction within Verona. These chainRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1492 Words   |  6 PagesDeshal Desai Professor: Thomas Gilligan EN 358 29 July 2016 Romeo and Juliet The play Romeo and Juliet, by William Shakespeare, is known for its romantic tragedy between two star-crossed lovers and whose families are each other s enemies. The outcome of their own family’s enemy brings the death of the lovers. With all of the deaths, who is truly to blame for Romeo and Juliet s deaths? Friar Lawrence is most to blame for many obvious, yet overlooked reasons. If we look at some unusual situationsRead MoreRomeo And Juliet Character Analysis1060 Words   |  5 Pagesout in the end. In the tragedy, Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare, both characters Romeo and Juliet died and had a bumpy relationship mainly due to outside factors. Romeo and Juliet had many outside factors affect their relationship. Characters such as Friar Laurence, Tybalt, themselves, or even fate. During the story, Tybalt and Romeo never saw eye to eye which resulted in Tybalt’s personality to possibly lead to a chain of events. Tybalt challenged Romeo to a duel, â€Å"BENVOLIO: Tybalt, theRead MoreRomeo and Juliet Impulsive Behavior758 Words   |  4 PagesA simple flaw can be more fatal than death itself. In The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare, this becomes apparent to the reader in many cases. Romeo is a very flawed character whose impulsive behavior led to the death of not only himself but also his beloved Juliet. Romeo quickly changing his undying love he felt with Rosaline to Juliet without any remorse, later when he kills Tybalt without thinking of the consequences, and again when he learns of Juliet’s death. Romeo’s hastyRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare’s tragedy Romeo and Juliet centers around two star-crossed lovers from feuding600 Words   |  3 PagesShakespeare’s tragedy Romeo and Juliet centers around two star-crossed lovers from feuding families whose forbidden love eventually leads to their own demise. Sadly, Romeo and Juliet’s death could have been avoided, but it is hard to tell who is to blame for these young lover’s deaths. Throughout the play, several characters are at fault, some more than others. While many characters contribute to these tragic events, Romeo is most to blame for his death and the death of his beloved Juliet. ThroughoutRead MoreThe True Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet819 Words   |  3 Pageswith worldly experience direct us down the path of good judgment in order that we may learn how to make good decisions. They near essential to us, even though not everyone has this advantage. William Shakespeare’s famous and celebrated tragedy, Romeo and Juliet, depicts several instances in which the title characters, though still naà ¯ve, behave more responsibly and maturely than the misguided adult figures in their lives–those of the Houses of Capulet and Montague, especially Juliet’s parents, and the

Rap Music And Its Influence On African American Youth

Music and society have always been closely related. For years now music has been apart of people’s everyday lives all around the world. Having so many different genres out there, it makes it easy to be appealing to so many different ethnic backgrounds. However, one type of genre in particular has seemed to grab the attention of a younger generation. Rap music has undoubtedly had its utmost impact on African American youth, since many of the performers themselves are African American. An overtly masculine culture dominates rap music and creates gender stereotypes that become abundantly popular to the youthful audience. Three constant themes that are found within the rap culture are encouragement of violence, the misogynistic representation of women, an extreme hatred of homophobia. Each theme plays a detrimental role in the process of defining black masculinity as well as shaping the values, morals, and beliefs that its younger audience adopts after tuning into this â€Å"gang ster lifestyle†. Violence is something that has always been associated with masculinity, particularly in the traditional patriarchal society. The strong expectations that are tied to masculinity frequently compel men to display certain attitudes and characteristics such as aggressiveness, power, and even vicious superiority over other men. Given the repression of African Americans, a significant amount of adolescent black men are suffering from a severe self-hatred and a frantic, consequential want toShow MoreRelatedRap Music : Influence On Violent Behavior1379 Words   |  6 PagesRAP MUSIC’S INFLUENCE ON VIOLENT BEHAVIOR IN AFRICAN AMERICAN MALES: A REVIEW Kaland Farrow Alabama Agricultural and Mechanical University  RAP MUSIC’S INFLUENCE ON VIOLENT BEHAVIOR IN AFRICAN AMERICAN MALES: A REVIEW Rap music is derived from Hip Hop culture which is deeply rooted in the African American community. The word, rap, has a Middle English origin. Originally, rap means to beat or strike. Beginning in the 1960s, African Americans gave the word another definition. In the black communityRead MoreThe Violence Of Rap And Rap1633 Words   |  7 Pagescentury. Rap, over the years has changed in many ways such that it went from being condemned by the public to being mainstream, it is now being used to aid teens with psychological troubles, and more. This leads to the question to be answered: How has the change from condemning drug use and illegal acts in rap to glorifying it influenced youth over the last two decades? The evolution of rap has in many ways positively affected the youth but, equally, has fueled many negative actions of the youth. Rap  TherapyRead MoreThe Effects Of Violent Music On The Youth Culture1316 Words   |  6 Pagesfrom research on the effect of violent music, both positive and negative towards African American men, women, and children. The articles also provides information that will support the reason how Hip-hop has such an impact on the youth culture, how Hip-hop is valued, and how the music and its lyrics are interpreted. Changing Images of Violence Rap music lyrics: 1979-1997 Hip- hop has both a negative and positive impact on African American lives. Over the past three decadesRead MoreRap Music : Hip Hop Essay1509 Words   |  7 PagesRap, or hip hop as some call it, ranks in the top ten of most popular music genres in the world. Since it burst on the scene in the late 1970s, rap music changed the landscape of the music industry, especially for African-American artists. The genre accredited some of the biggest names in the music industry. Popular artists like LL Cool J, Tupac, Notorious B. I. G., Jay-Z, Kanye West, and many others produce, or have produced, millions of hip-hop records. The secret to the success of hip hop centersRead MoreMusic Has Been A Form Of Self Expression1292 Words   |  6 Pagesyears, music has been a form of self-expression that has united groups of people through its historical and traditional meaning. In the 1980’s, a new, more diverse genre took over the music industry by storm., Hip-Hop/Rap. This contemporar y genre has raised much controversy over the years from parents, educators, and conservatives. These groups worry that Rap music glorifies negative lifestyle choices such as drugs, violence, sex and gangs; and those lyrics’ influence on youth. Since music is moreRead More90s Hip Hop and Rap1320 Words   |  6 PagesRap and hip-hop first started to come together in the 1970 s, but didn t really materialize and become popular until the 1990 s. With a huge surge in popularity and growth in the 1990 s, it seemed that rap and hip-hop had started a cultural phenomenon that still has noticeable effects easily seen today in music and also in pop culture. A cultural phenomenon is an idea, trend, or movement that shapes and defines that time period. During the 1990 s, rap and hip-hop spread like wild fire acrossRead MoreHip Hop And Hip Rap Music1144 Words   |  5 PagesHip hop music has delivered messages of freedom of expression, unity, peace, and protest against social injustic es, for the past 30 years. But exactly when and where did it begin, and what impact has it had on our society? The hip hop beats created by DJs in the 70s actually sparked what is now known as hip hop culture. Hip hop culture originally included rapping, break dancing, graffiti, beat boxing, and looping and scratching, and has now includes urban clothing and cars, speech patterns and slangRead MoreThe Debate Of Hip Hop Music1509 Words   |  7 Pagescertain genres of music have an impact on the behavior of listeners, whether that impact is positive or negative. Would a person steal because of a song they heard? Would a person murder another human due to the lyrics of their favorite song? Questions like these are often asked and very rarely answered. The main genre of debate: hip hop music. Though the debate continues to go on in today’s society, the answer has never been given. In fact, some research shows that hip -hop music can have a generallyRead MoreThe Negative Effects Of Rap Music In Modern Music And Pop Culture1007 Words   |  5 Pagesyou’re king of African music you’re the king because music is the king of all professions† (Fela Kuti: Music is the Weapon). Rap music has been a staple in modern day music and pop culture since its beginning in the 1970’s in the South Bronx area of New York. Rap started as an underground movement started by many artists and DJ’s (or disc jockeys). It started as a form of expressing oneself and discussing many social and political issues through music. But now in the 21st century, rap has changed dramaticallyRead MoreHip Hop Rap Music And Subculture1643 Words   |  7 Pages Hip-hop Rap Music and Subculture The topic I have chosen for this review is the association between a particular music genre and a subculture. In particular, the issue of focus is the association of the hip-hop rap genre with the black youth subculture in America. As a youth subculture, hip-hop emerged in the 1970s from New York City’s borough of the Bronx. The African American community was the root of the music genre, which gained popularity in the 1980s and 1990s. As part of its growth

The Impact of Texting/SMS Language on Academic Writing Of Students

Question: Discuss about The Text Messaging Is Sent Via Portable Gadgets Such As Mobile Phones And Laptops? Answer: Introduction and thesis With the progress of time, the advancement of education has changed a lot, which includes virtual method of communication. Such a kind of communication is best accomplished by text messaging (Stockwell et al. 2012). The Text Messaging Is Sent Via Portable Gadgets Such As Mobile Phones And Laptops. This discussion will include explanation of revolution of text messaging, reason for increasing use of text messaging, positive impact of text messaging on literacy and negative impact of text messaging on literacy. Revolution of text message started from the innovation of mobile phones; as transferring of these messages were possible only via networking protocols in real-time basis. As time passed by, simplified text messaging up heaved itself with multimedia contents that have changed the style of learning by minimizing time consumption (Raifman et al. 2014). The study presents further discussion as the analysis progresses. There are several reasons for increase in text messaging such as decrease in time consumption, increased sharing of knowledge and ideas among peers and students, resource allocation from net, instant feedback in project and assignment completions among students and many other, which will be discussed further as the analysis continues. If particularly literacy is considered, then it can be said that text messaging helps in sharing ideas of education among teenage. The knowledge of textese and textisms are shared among the students and thus, knowledge is shared. The speed and accuracy of learning specifically English language has been enhanced a lot among the students. Apart from this, the study will also described the negative effect of text messaging on the literacy of children, teenage and adults. Teenage student mostly make spelling mistakes in their examination paper due to this text messaging habit. Further discussions related to negative effects will be presented later in the argument. Thesis This report will discuss on the fact that whether text messaging has an effect on literacy in children, teens, and adults. With the help of positive and negative discussion, the purpose of the topic will be justified in this report. Revolution of text messaging Text messaging is an act of composing and sending message electronically between two or more mobile phones and fixed or portable devices over the network. The original term of text messaging refers to sending short message service over the phone network. Globe Telecom in Philippines first introduced Text messaging (Matheson et al. 2014). In the earlier year, there was no option to share any image file over the text message but now with the introduction of multimedia phones it is possible to share image file too over text message. The first text message was sent from Neil Papworth in 1992, who was the former developer of Sema Group Telecoms. At that time mobile phone had no keypad, therefore Papworth had to type his text on the PC. Earlier GSM mobile phone did not support the scope of text message (Leonard, 2015). Nokia had first released such a GSM mobile phone that supported users to send text over the phone. In 1997, it had become the first manufacturer of mobile phone with a full keypad, which helped the users to type their text message from their own mobile. From 1999, all networks and mobile had started to incorporate text-messaging facilities, which had increased its usefulness. Earlier mobile phones only supported the user to type their text-message word by word in their phone. With the increase of technology, mobile phones had started to support users by enabling them to drag their fingers for connecting dots in a word. Each number of mobile phone was connected to three or more numbers that helped the users to type their words easily. With the introduction of QWERTY keyboard, it became easier for the users to type the text quickly as the layout of the keyboard got accustomed to PC keyboard. With the introduction of the virtual keyboard in the Smartphone, users got the opportunity to automatically check and correct the spelling of their messages (Filion et al. 2015). Nowadays users not only have the opportunity to type word in the text message, they can also send image files over the text message facility. Reason for increasing use of text messaging It has been found from the survey teenage and adults use text messages about 2272 times a month and make calls only 203 times. With the increased pressure of frequent semester, teenagers find vey less time to meet with their friends. They are not able to share their ideas about their assignments face to face. Therefore, they take the help of text messaging to share their ideas with their friends. Various network channels have reduced the rate of text messaging over the phone, whereas the call charge is so high, therefore, teenagers and adults are not able to make so much calls over the phone (Matheson et al. 2014). The lowest cost of text messaging has increased the tendency of teenagers and adults to use text-messaging facility. Nowadays, half of the adults and teenagers have Smart phones in their hands. Therefore, they truly have mini computers readily available in their hands. They can share their assignment copy over the phone through text messaging. The facility to share file ov er the text message has also increased the rate of text messaging usage among the teenagers and children. High-speed network facility helps the teenagers and adults to make text messaging from anywhere they want (Guy et al. 2012). It has also increased the percentage of text-messaging utilization by the teenage and adults. Positive impact on literacy An increasing use of text messaging can be found among the new generation people with the advancement of technology. Most of the time of a day, teenagers, and adults engage themselves in using text messaging to their close ones. It has been found that 31% of teens send over 100 text- messages each day (Piette et al. 2015). The children and teens can easily communicate with their friends who stay far from them. There are some positive impact of text messaging on the literacy of the children, teens, and adults. Some of the positive impact has been discussed in the following: Language skills Teens and adults always keep themselves busy in texting their friends. As they always read and type the language on the text, it positively influences their reading skills and language development. Users take very short time to read a text message coming from another user to their phone. The frequency of reading the text message is positively correlated with reading skills of the children and teenage (Herbert et al. 2013). Various types of new words are shown on the screen of the phone, while users type their text message. This facility has also positively influenced the language development of the teens and adults, because each day they can come to know about various new words. These new words get stored in their minds. Frequent use of new types of words increases the language knowledge of the teens and adults (Orrell et al. 2015). Typing of text messaging also increases the writing speed of the teens and children in their examination that contributes a lot to their literacy. Emotional relief When communicating over text messaging, teens and adults who start their chatting with a distressed mind can experience a reduction in the negative mood after chatting with their friends. The children and teens may face many issues in their schools and colleges regarding their assignment in the examination (Muench et al. 2013). They become tensed about how to complete the assignment. Text messaging helps them in this area, as they can take quick suggestions about the assignment form their friends over the text message. Thus, the children and teens get relief from the tension of making assignments (Foreman et al. 2012). The teens who regularly text, seem to get more emotional relief and strong bond with their friends. The teens and children can talk to their friends with an open mind through this text messaging. They feel more comfortable to share any problem regarding their study with their friends and teachers over the text messaging rather than face-to-face communication. Introversion Text message and other types of electronic communication have a great impact on the introverted teenagers. Some teenagers are overwhelmed with emotion and thoughts but they are not most socially interactive, to express their thoughts among a large group of friend circle. They are unable to go to the straight point with their friend circles. It is very difficult for them to talk amidst a large group of friend. They need to take time for thinking before commenting on anything (Drouin Driver, 2014). They also need space for concentrating on their mind for thinking anything. Any distraction and nuisance may hinder the way of their thinking. In text messaging they get chance to think and reply on the comment of other. Thus, text message helps these introverted teens and adults to share their thoughts and ideas with their friends. Texting allows introverted teens to share that ideas and thoughts that they might feel uncomfortable to bring up to the group. Enhanced learning Through text-message, the teens and children can continuously discuss about their study with their friends. Children and teenagers can share the complexity of their subject. The more the teens and children will discuss on their study over the text message, the more they will gain better understanding over their subject. Generally, teens do not get so much time for discussing about their class projects through face-to-face communication due to limited school and college time. Therefore, they need to discuss about their study through text message over the phone from their home (Otieno et al. 2014). If any teen and child faces any problem about his class project, then he can get help from his friend for solving his problem. It enhances the learning capability of the teens and children. Frequent discussion over one topic over the text message may help the children and teens to gain effective knowledge about their subject (Geng, 2013). The teens and adults can also get help from their tea cher about their class project over the text message process. This kind of text messaging increases the scope of virtual learning, in which teachers can help the students by providing study materials. Increased interaction With the help of text messaging facility, teens and adults can make a strong bond with their friend. Knowledge and ideas of various students can be shared over the text message. Frequency and quality of contact with the friends, teacher, and other students from another university makes the teens and adults to be more persistent in their study. The teens and adults are more inclined to believe on the matter shared over the text message rather than any discussion by face-to-face communication. They tend to make the document of the text message the basic for their study plan (Murdock, 2013). Teens can use the medium of text messaging for developing and sustaining the relation that already exist. Through text messaging system, teens and children can easily interact with their private tutor and get instant solution of the study related problem. Negative impact on literacy Reduces the time to study Increase rate of text message usage can be found among the teens and adults of the university. They are more inclined to gossip over the text message throughout the day and even in late night. The interest of discussing various entertaining matter over the text message ultimately reduces the interest of the student in study (Wood et al. 2013). Due to increased use of text messaging, they are losing interest in study. They always engage themselves in texting others over the phone and thus, it reduces the study time of the teens and children for their university projects. Improper use of grammar and spelling The use of Textese and text messaging may adversely affect the children, teens, and adults learning. It may reduce the standard of the English used by the teens and adult. Textese is an abbreviated vocabulary that contains various types of symbols, numbers, emoticons, shortening of words, punctuations, vowels, and capitalization. This abbreviated vocabulary allows the user to make maximum of 120 words. This vocabulary forces the users to make words in an economic mode of communication within its limitation. In this abbreviation tonight is written as 2nite. The languages do not end with just word and uses phrase words. For example, lol is used to represent laugh out loud. These types of abbreviated words get stored in the brain of teens and adults and they mostly use these abbreviated words in their examination paper. It becomes the tendency of the teens and adults to make spelling mistakes due to increased use of abbreviations in the text message (Aziz et al. 2013). They do not bothe r to crosscheck their spelling for identifying mistakes. Thus, the marks they get in the examination are quite low. Use of abbreviation in academic writing decreases the quality of the teens and children in the university. Low standard of English With the help of text message, even though students are able to communicate with each other, still they are lacking in proper sentence construction. According to Korda Itani, (2013), academic writing is quite different from casual communication. Students are casually communicating with each other in their own preferable language and hence they are not able to get the proper idea of sentence construction. Most of the time, it can be found that universities keep a separate marking criteria against grammar. In such cases, the university students are not able to score high marks as they are found to construct poor sentences. According to Grace et al. (2013), university students are utilizing casual words, short form of words and concise sentences that eventually does not make any sense of sentence construction, which is the direct effect of text messaging. Thus, the students are lacking English sentence construction for proper academic writing. If the base of the students is spoiled, th ey will surely not able to match up while working in corporate sectors. Adults are finding difficulties in synthesizing reports and formal written communication in their respective corporate sectors. Thus, it can be said that if students and teenagers try to exchange ideas with proper form of texting, by utilizing appropriate words, full form of words and proper initiative for grammar enhancement, then text messaging will not have any negative effect (Otieno et al. 2014). Lethargy in research From the above discussion, it has been found that with the help of text messaging, students and teenagers are sharing online links for completion of their assignments. Such activities are having negative impact on assessment. Most of the Universities give assignments to the students by forming groups regarding one particular topic. Students are processing secondary research on the internet, allocate certain brief ideas, and share among them, whereas the task was requested to be done by discussion among team members. Thus, it can be said that with an easy mode of communication, students are becoming lethargic and thereby losing credibility and quality. If students do not allocate proper ideas, then assignments will surely fail, as one needs to sort out vague ideas and authentic points (Bernicot et al. 2014). As a result, casual mistakes, inappropriate writings, low quality tasks are evident among the teenagers. Readily available information needs to be assessed by each of the students before implementing the ideas on their assignments. Thus, it can be said that text-messaging helps in sharing research based ideas but at the same time, it is limiting the possibility of idea allocation as students are partially sharing ideas among each other, which was supposed to be carried out by each group members (De Jonge Kemp, 2012). Students are lethargic enough; they are saving time by electronically communicating among each other, which is affecting their literacy enhancement. Diversion of mind while studying It takes attentive concentration while studying on some academic topic. Students need to pay close attention to their study in order to understand the topic of the study properly. In this area, text messaging negatively affects the literacy of the teens and children. It can frequently be seen that teens and children remain busy during their study time (Janks et al. 2013). In case, if they get any concentration over their study and then a text comes to their phone, their mind immediately shifts from their study to the text message. In this way, diversion of mind during the study occurs due to text messaging. It also decreases the in-depth knowledge of the teens about their study. Frequent use of text messaging can also be found among the children and teens in their classroom (Clayson Haley, 2013). They usually remain busy in texting their friends by keeping their mobile behind the study material. Thus, they cannot concentrate on the speech of the class teacher. Later at the time of e xamination, they cannot answer the question given. Conclusion While concluding the study, it can be said that rate of text messaging has been increased among the teens, children and adults with the advancement of technology. Text messaging is the act of composing and sending message electronically over the electronic gadgets. Globe Telecom Company in Philippines first introduced text messaging. In the earlier cell phones, users were only able type words. With the introduction of Smartphone, users are now able to send image file over the phones. Smartphone also gives the facility of creating words by providing word suggestion.. Nowadays, teens and adults face high pressure due to their frequent semester. They do not get opportunity to meet their friends and spend time with them. This is why teens and adults take the help of text messaging to keep contact with their friends. Text messaging has various positive and negative impacts on the literacy of teens, children, and adults. Text messaging increases the reading skills of the teens and children . They can come to know about various new words stored in the message segment of the phone. It can also enhance the learning of the teens and adult as they can always discuss about their study over phone. 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